The effects of phenolic acid on nitrogen metabolism in Populus 3 euramericana ‘Neva’

The declines in soil fertility and productivity in continuously cropped poplar plantations are related to phenolic acid accumulation in the soil.Nitrogen is a vital life element for poplar and whether the accumulation of phenolic acid could influence nitrogen metabolism in poplar and thereby hinder continuous cropping is not clear.In this study, poplar cuttings of Populus × euramericana‘Neva’ were potted in vermiculite, and phenolic acids at three concentrations(0 X, 0.5 X and 1.0 X) were added according to the actual content(1.0 X) in the soil of a second-generation poplar plantation.Each treatment had eight replicates.We measured gas exchange parameters and the activities of key enzymes related to nitrogen metabolism in the leaves.Leaf photosynthetic parameters varied with the concentration of phenolic acids.The net photosynthetic rate(P_N) significantly decreased with increasing phenolic acid concentration, and non-stomatal factors might have been the primary limitation for P_N.The activities of nitrate reductase(NR), glutamine synthetase(GS) and glutamate synthase(GOGAT), as well as the contents of nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, and total nitrogen in the leaves decreased with increasing phenolic acid concentration.This was significantly and positively related to P_N(P0.05).The low concentration of phenolic acids mainly affected the transformation process of NO_3~- to NO_2~-, while the high concentration of phenolic acids affected both processes, where NO_3~- was transferred to NO_2~- and NH_4~+ was transferred to glutamine(Gln).Overall, phenolic acid had significant inhibitory effects on the photosynthetic productivity of Populus × euramericana‘Neva’.This was probably due to its influence on the activities of nitrogen assimilation enzymes, which reduced the amount of amino acids that were translated into protein and enzymes.Improving the absorption and utilization of nitrogen by plants could help to overcome the problems caused by continuous cropping.     

瑶药肿瘤藤（星毛冠盖藤）的生药学研究

对广西产的肿瘤藤（星毛冠盖藤）药材进行研究,为编制肿瘤藤药材质量标准提供科学依据。对广西肿瘤藤进行形态性状鉴别、显微鉴别及理化鉴别。形态性状鉴别的主要特征为嫩枝、叶下面和花序均密被淡褐色或锈色柔毛;药材茎圆柱形、灰色或灰褐色;根锈色或褐色;枝、茎和根表面具较多纵皱纹或不规则沟槽。茎质脆,易折断,断面不整齐。茎的横断面可见皮部宽广、木部窄。老茎髓部中空,呈棕色。气微,味微苦。显微鉴别的结果显示,肿瘤藤茎叶细胞内或细胞间有较多棕色块状物质,多见草酸钙结晶,有各种形状的石细胞以及油细胞。理化鉴别的结果表明,肿瘤藤中含有鞣质或酚类、黄酮类、强心苷类、皂苷类、还原性糖和有机酸类等物质,没有检测出蒽醌类、生物碱类物质的存在。     

去苞叶对玉米子粒脱水过程的影响

为明确苞叶层数对玉米子粒脱水过程的影响,2015-2016年以郑单958和先玉335为试验材料,设置乳熟期（授粉后25~26d）不同程度去苞叶处理,分析苞叶层数对子粒含水率的影响。结果显示：（1）去除1层、2层和3层苞叶后,子粒含水率与同一时期不去苞叶对照差异不显著;去除4~6层苞叶后,子粒脱水过程受到不同程度的影响;去除全部苞叶后,子粒含水率在测定期间始终显著低于对照处理,2个品种表现一致。（2）去除全部苞叶后,郑单958和先玉335百粒干重显著下降,降幅为9.77%~13.29%和15.40%~16.37%,而其他去苞叶处理的百粒干重与对照无显著差异。     

小麦杂交品种衡9966苗期耐盐性分析

以小麦杂交品种衡9966及其亲本良星99和良星66、济麦22为试验材料,分别设置盐胁迫浓度为0、0.3%、0.5%、1.0% NaCl对幼苗进行处理,15d后测定各项生理指标。结果表明,随着盐浓度的升高,4个小麦品种整株鲜重呈逐步下降趋势;叶片叶绿素含量在0.3%、0.5% NaCl浓度下上升,1.0% NaCl浓度下有所下降,但仍高于对照;丙二醛（MDA）含量及游离脯氨酸含量随盐浓度的增大逐步升高;抗氧化酶超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性与对照相比均增大,但不同品种的变化趋势有所不同。隶属函数值分析结果表明,杂交后代衡9966耐盐性最好。     

北疆玉米大田机械粒收质量调查

北疆是我国玉米机械粒收率最高的区域,为了解北疆玉米大田粒收质量现状,2012-2017年在新疆奇台总场、伊犁新源71团、伊宁县和温泉县等地农户田块调查了机械粒收质量,共获得269组样本,结果表明：（1）子粒破碎率均值为6.38%,高于5%的国家标准[玉米收获机械技术条件（GB/T 21961-2008）]要求;杂质率和产量损失率均值分别为0.41%和0.96%,分别低于3%和5%的国家标准要求,子粒破碎率高是当前北疆玉米大田机械粒收存在的主要质量问题。（2）收获玉米子粒含水率均值为23.3%,其与破碎率呈显著相关,可用二次函数y=0.0263x ²-1.0433x+15.867（R ²=0.108,n=269）拟合。（3）在子粒含水率相同条件下,不同品种之间子粒破碎率表现出明显差异,其中,新引M751子粒破碎率明显低于KWS2564,而KX3564介于两者之间。（4）筛选早熟、脱水快、耐破碎品种,实施玉米密植高产全程机械化绿色生产,可以有效改善机械粒收质量,实现玉米高产高效协同。     

淮南采煤塌陷湖泊浮游甲壳动物群落结构特征及其影响因素

分析采煤塌陷水体浮游甲壳动物群落变化特征及影响因素,为水体水生态系统管理、生态修复提供科学依据。在淮南潘谢矿区选择潘集和谢桥2个采煤塌陷湖泊,于2016年逐月采集浮游甲壳动物并同步采集水样分析水质。2个湖泊共观察到浮游甲壳动物10属16种,潘集8属13种、谢桥9属12种,其中象鼻溞属、秀体溞属、中剑水蚤属、温剑水蚤属在这2个湖泊中出现频率均较高并成为主要优势种。潘集、谢桥浮游甲壳动物年均密度分别是5.5、4.9个/L,其丰度在生长季(春、夏、秋)较高。潘集和谢桥TN浓度分别为2.0、1.9 mg/L,TP浓度分别为0.08、0.07 mg/L,总体上位于IV~V类水质;叶绿素浓度分别为16.8、14.9 mg/m3。高密度渔业活动可能是导致浮游甲壳动物丰度远低于一般的富营养化湖泊水体的重要原因,浮游植物群落结构可能是导致2个湖泊浮游甲壳动物群落结构差异的主要因素之一。     

暗黑链霉菌PY-1活性产物分析及其对葡萄霜霉病田间防效评价

为探究暗黑链霉菌Streptomyces atratus PY-1对葡萄霜霉病菌Plasomopara viticola的抑制作用,通过扫描电镜观察PY-1发酵滤液对葡萄霜霉病菌孢子囊的影响,检测PY-1的活性物质种类,并测定其对葡萄霜霉病的田间防效。结果表明,PY-1发酵滤液能够导致葡萄霜霉病菌孢子囊和孢子囊梗出现褶皱、破裂和畸形,进而使其丧失侵染功能。PY-1菌株代谢产物中包含几丁质酶、蛋白酶、嗜铁素、1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸脱氨酶、氰化氢、吲哚乙酸,不含纤维素酶。PY-1菌株对葡萄霜霉病具有较好的田间防效,发酵原液对葡萄霜霉病的田间中期防效可达到89.17%以上,末期防效达86.28%以上,比52.5%噁唑菌酮·霜脲氰2 000倍液的防效略低,但显著高于58%甲霜·锰锌1 000倍液的防效;PY-1菌株发酵液稀释700倍后对葡萄霜霉病的末期防效与甲霜锰锌1 000倍液防效相当。表明PY-1菌株具有研制防治葡萄霜霉病生防制剂的潜力。     

Constitutive expression of <Emphasis Type="Italic">REL1</Emphasis> confers the rice response to drought stress and abscisic acid

Leaf rolling is one of the most significant symptoms of drought stress in plant. Previously, we identified a dominant negative mutant, termed rolled and erect 1 (hereafter referred to rel1-D), regulating leaf rolling and erectness in rice. However, the role of REL1 in drought response is still poorly understood. Here, our results indicated that rel1-D displayed higher tolerance to drought relative to wild type, and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and drought responsive genes were significantly up-regulated in rel1-D. Moreover, our results revealed that rel1-D was hypersensitive to ABA and the expression of ABA associated genes was significantly increased in rel1-D, suggesting that REL1 likely coordinates ABA to regulate drought response. Using the RNA-seq approach, we identified a large group of differentially expressed genes that regulate stimuli and stresses response. Consistently, we also found that constitutive expression of REL1 alters the expression of biotic and abiotic stress responsive genes by the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) analysis. Integrative analysis demonstrated that 8 genes/proteins identified by both RNA-seq and iTRAQ would be the potential targets in term of the REL1-mediated leaf morphology. Together, we proposed that leaf rolling and drought tolerance of rel1-D under normal condition might be caused by the endogenously perturbed homeostasis derived from continuous stressful dynamics.